In reply to post 8 by our respected member, Nidhii.
First and foremost one has to see things from the perspective that it is the word of God. To appreciate this one needs to understand the concept of God and his unlimited greatness and perfection that is beyond the human understanding. We see things only from our very limited intelligence and perspective, compare this to the greatness and intelligence of the Almighty.
The Koran was not delivered in a day but about 22 years, many of these revealtions have a context and were delivered by the angel to Mohammed (pbuh) in response to an existing situation at that time although its relevance is eternal. Hence one also has to understand the historical perspective to appreciate and understand the Quran. One has to understand the clear distinction between good and evil and how Islam rejects evils of all kinds.
It is impossible for any one to appreciate and understand the Quran by cherry picking such statements that are already being explained by learned scholars and understood by those who have cared to read the whole Koran and those who appreciate and understand the concept of God and the historical context of the Quran.
Firstly to make a statement like "it is your holy book" itself suggests that one has faltered at the very first step. Quran is not a book for one person or any community, it is a divine message for all.
I am not a scholar and nor do I have the time to explain you all of the above but i will try to explain with my ultra limited knolwdge about some of the verses quoted by you to make you understand that it is not as explicit as it appears to you and others and hopefully you can take the effort to read the Quran in its totality to understand its meaning and message.
22- 19 to 22
QUOTE
19. These twain (the believers and the disbelievers) are two opponents who contend concerning their Lord. But as for those who disbelieve, garments of fire will be cut out for them; boiling fluid will be poured down on their heads.
20. Whereby that which is in their bellies, and their skins too, will be melted;
21. And for them are hooked rods of iron.
22. Whenever, in their anguish, they would go forth from thence they are driven back therein and (it is said unto them):
Taste the doom of burning.
37- 22 & 23
QUOTE
22. (And it is said unto the angels): Assemble those who did wrong, together with their wives and what they used to worship
23. Instead of Allah, and lead them to the path to hell;
48- 13
QUOTE
13. And as for him who believeth not in Allah and His messenger Lo! We have prepared a flame for disbelievers.
69 - 30 to 33
QUOTE
30. (It will be said): Take him and fetter him
31. And then expose him to hell fire
32. And then insert him in a chain whereof the length is seventy cubits.
33. Lo! he used not to believe in Allah the Tremendous,
All the above must be seen from the context of God in Islam. The One true God is a reflection of the unique concept that Islam associates with God. To a Muslim, Allah is the Almighty Creator and Sustainer of the universe, Who is similar to nothing, and nothing is comparable to Him. The Prophet Muhammad was asked by his contemporaries about Allah; the answer came directly from God Himself in the form of a short chapter of the Qur'an, which is considered to be the essence of the unity or the motto of monotheism. This is chapter 112, which reads:“ In the name of Allah, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Say (O Muhammad), He is God, the One God, the Everlasting Refuge, who has not begotten, nor has been begotten, and equal to Him is not anyone”.
Some non-Muslims allege that God in Islam is a stern and cruel God who demands to be obeyed fully and is not loving and kind. Nothing could be farther from the truth than this allegation. It is enough to know that, with the exception of one, each of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an begins with the verse " In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate". In one of the sayings of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), we are told that “ God is more loving and kind than a mother to her dear child”.
On the other hand, God is also Just. Hence, evildoers and sinners must have their share of punishment, and the virtuous must have God's bounties and favors. Actually, God's attribute of Mercy has full manifestation in His attribute of Justice. People suffering throughout their lives for His sake should not receive similar treatment from their Lord as people who oppress and exploit others their whole lives. Expecting similar treatment for them would amount to negating the very belief in the accountability of man in the Hereafter and thereby negate all the incentives for a moral and virtuous life in this world. In order to be a Muslim, that is, to surrender oneself to God, it is necessary to believe in the oneness of God, in the sense of His being the only Creator, Preserver, Nourisher. (ref: wamy)
The Prophet said that if a Muslim hurts a covenanted person (i.e. a non-Muslim living under the rule of Islam) or commits any injustice to him, then on the Day of Judgment the Prophet (pbuh) would be the advocate on behalf of the non-Muslim against the Muslim. What would be the sense and need for all of these prescriptions and advice, if Islam required that they be compelled to accept the religion
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25-52.
QUOTE
So obey not the disbelievers, but strive against them herewith with a great endeavour.
This has a context to the pagan Arabs who persecuted innocent people and spread anarchy and mischief. The word strive is not a negative but a positive word and indicates striving through prayers, spiritiality and just means and by doing the right things and shunning away evil. Koran says many times that God dislikes those who transgress their limits.
Persecution is worst than slaugther in Islam. Hence Islam in reality rejects persection. It is a dynamic concept and requires knowledge and iwsdom to appreciate it. It promotes justice, equlity and peace all which seem alien in todays world.
The Koran says very clearly on various occassions that Allah dislikes those who transgress limits and to live with peace with non muslims as long as they are not transgressing their limits. Striving against injustice and persecution which the pagan arabs were renowned at is the context here. Is it a sin to strive against injustice and persecution? Islam gives freedom to mankind from injustice, it is a system built on true justice, peace and equality.
Look as I said, one has to understand it from a context and reading the full Quran.
As a project, i would like you to find the context of other statements by reading the Koran and understanding it from a broader spiritual and historical perpective and the way the Koran was revealed and what is the concept of God in Islam and the unmatched attributes of the Allmighty.
Or speak to a scholar rather than confuse yourself by arriving at wrong conculsions. All these ststements and many more that are quoted by those who fail to understand or look for negativity in the Koran have all being explained after all Islam has not popped out of thin air, it is a 1400 year old religion and the one which has over 2 billiion followers (as reported) and the one that is the fastest growing religion in the world (as reported).
I am one of those who read it and approaachd Islamic scholars to find the true essence of this divine revelation.
May God give you and all of us wisdom and knowledge.
I belive it is incumbent on all specially the learned ones to go and find the truth by going in the middle of the arena rather than stand at the fence and make conclusions about whats happenning at the centre which may be far from the reality.
Good Luck.
Islam and Non Muslims:Please regard this as as my humble contribution, here is what a learned scholar has to say about what Islam says about non muslims and I hope this will fully clear doubts if any, it cleared mine.
Islam urges all Muslims to deal kindly and justly with all people. Muslims should have good relations with all people. At school, at work, in your neighborhood, etc., you should be kind and courteous to everyone. Muslims are allowed to have non-Muslims as friends as long as they keep their own faith and commitment to Islam pure and strong. Allah has clearly forbidden Muslims from fighting those who fight not their faith or drive them out from their homes. Referring to this, [Allah forbids you not with regard to those who fight you not for your faith, nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them. For Allah loves those who are just. Allah only forbids you with regard to those who fight you for your faith, and drive you out of your homes and support others in driving you out, from turning to them for protection (or taking them as wali). Those who seek their protection they are indeed wrong- doers.] (Al-Mumtahinah 60: 8-9)
In his response to the question, Dr. Muzammil Siddiqi, President of the Fiqh Council ofNorth America, states:
The Qur'an does not say that non-Muslims cannot be Muslims' friends, nor does it forbid Muslims to be friendly to non-Muslims. There are many non-Muslims who are good friends of Muslim individuals and the Muslim community. There are also many good Muslims who truly and sincerely observe their faith and are very friendly to many non-Muslims at the same time.
Islam teaches us that we should be friendly to all people. Islam teaches us that we should deal even with our enemies with justice and fairness. Allah says in the Qur'an in the beginning of the same Surat Al-Ma’dah: [O you who believe! Stand out firmly for Allah as witnesses to fair dealings and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just, that is next to piety. Fear Allah, indeed Allah is well-acquainted with all that you do.] (Al-Ma’dah 5 :8)
In another place in the Qur'an, Allah Almighty says:
[Allah forbids you not with regard to those who fight you not for your faith, nor drive you out of your homes, from dealing kindly and justly with them. For Allah loves those who are just. Allah only forbids you with regard to those who fight you for your faith, and drive you out of your homes and support others in driving you out, from turning to them for protection (or taking them as wali). Those who seek their protection they are indeed wrong- doers.] (Al-Mumtahinah 60: 8-9)
Moreover, Allah Almighty has described Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) as "a mercy" to the worlds. He was a sign of Allah's Mercy to all, Muslims as well as non-Muslims. In his kindness and fair treatment he did not make any difference between the believers and non-believers. He was kind to the pagans of Makkah and fought them only when they fought him. He made treaties with the Jews of Madinah and honored the treaties until they broke them.
He (peace and blessings be upon him) is reported to have received the Christians of Najran with kindness in his Masjid in Madinah. They argued with him about Islam, but he returned them with honor and respect. There are many examples from his life that show that he was the friendliest person to all people.
In the verse you quoted, the word "Awliya" is used. It is a plural and its singular is "wali". The correct translation of the word ""wali"" is not "friend" but it is someone who is very close and intimate. It is also used to mean "guardian, protector, patron, lord and master".
In the Qur'an this word is used for God, such as [Allah is the Protector (or Lord and Master) of those who believe. He takes them out from the depths of darkness to light…] (Al- Baqarah 2: 257)
There are many other references in the Qur'an that give this meaning. The same word is also sometimes used in the Qur'an for human beings, such as [And whosoever is killed unjustly, We have granted his next kin "wali" the authority (to seek judgement or punishment in this case)…] (Al-‘Isra' 17 :33)
The correct translation of the verse in Surat Al-Ma’idah is: [O you who believe! Do not take Jews and Christians as your patrons. They are patrons of their own people. He among you who will turn to them for patronage is one of them. Verily Allah guides not a people unjust.] (Al-Ma'dah 5: 51)
It is obvious that Jews patronize the Jews and Christians patronize the Christians, so why not Muslims patronize Muslims and support their own people. This verse is not telling us to be against Jews or Christians, but it is telling us that we should take care of our own people and we must support each other.
In his Tafsir, (Qur’an exegesis) Imam Ibn Kathir has mentioned that some scholars say that this verse (i.e. the one you referred to) was revealed after the Battle of Uhud when Muslims had a set back. At that time, a Muslim from Madinah said, "I am going to live with Jews so I shall be safe in case another attack comes on Madinah." And another person said, "I am going to live with Christians so I shall be safe in case another attack comes on Madinah." So Allah revealed this verse reminding the believers that they should not seek the protection from others, but should protect each other. (See Ibn Kathir, Al-Tafsir, vol. 2, p. 68)
Muslims are allowed to have non-Muslims as friends as long as they keep their own faith and commitment to Islam pure and strong. You are correct in pointing out that a Muslim man is also allowed to marry a Jewish or Christian woman. It is obvious that one marries someone for love and friendship. If friendship between Muslims and Jews or Christians was forbidden, then why would Islam allow a Muslim man to marry a Jew or Christian woman? It is the duty of Muslims to patronize Muslims. They should not patronize any one who is against their faith or who fights their faith, even if they were their fathers and brothers. Allah says: [O you who believe! Take not for protectors (awliya') your fathers and your brothers if they love unbelief above faith. If any of you do so, they are indeed wrong-doers.] (Al-Tawbah 9: 23)
In a similar way, the Qur'an also tells Muslims that they should never patronize the non-Muslims against other Muslims. However, if some Muslims do wrong to some non-Muslims, it is Muslims' duty to help the non-Muslims and save them from oppression. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said that he himself will defend a Dhimmi living among Muslims to whom injustice is done by Muslims. But Islam also teaches that Muslims should not seek the patronage of non-Muslims against other Muslims. They should try to solve their problems among themselves.